How Excel stores dates as integers and time as decimal fractions, date arithmetic (+1 day, +7 days), and volatile functions TODAY() and NOW().
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Excel dates aur times ko plain text ke bajay numeric serial numbers ke roop mein store karta hai.
01-Jan-1900. Har beeta hua din +1 add karta hai.
45000 = ek specific calendar date.0.5 = 12 Hours (12:00 PM Midday)0.25 = 6 Hours (6:00 AM Morning)1 / 24 = 1 Hour1 / 1440 = 1 Minute=A2 + 1 → Agle din ki date=A2 + 7 → 1 hafte baad ki date=B2 - A2 → Dono dates ke beech elapsed calendar days| Function | Return Value | Recalculation Behavior |
|---|---|---|
=TODAY() | Current system date (e.g. 26-Oct-2026) | Workbook open/recalculate hone par auto-update |
=NOW() | Current date & time (e.g. 26-Oct-2026 22:30) | Workbook recalculate hone par update |
[!NOTE]
TODAY()aurNOW()volatile functions hain. Yeh live ticking watch nahi hain; yeh tab update hote hain jab workbook recalculate hoti hai ya F9 dabaya jata hai.
Practical Due Date Status Formula:
=IF(A2 < TODAY(), "Overdue", IF(A2 = TODAY(), "Due Today", "Upcoming"))
=TODAY() likhein aur Ctrl + 1 se dd-mmm-yyyy format karein.=DueDate - TODAY().Practice live Excel formulas directly in your browser. Real calculation verified by HyperFormula.
Calculate total revenue in cell D6 by summing all items in column D (cells D2 to D5).
Every formula you enter is evaluated by a real spreadsheet engine in your browser — results are not pre-computed.
| # | A | B | C | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Product | Quantity | Unit Price | Total |
| 2 | Laptop | 5 | 45000 | 225000 |
| 3 | Mouse | 20 | 500 | 10000 |
| 4 | Keyboard | 15 | 1200 | 18000 |
| 5 | Monitor | 8 | 12500 | 100000 |
| 6 | Grand Total |
5 practical questions testing date serials, age calculations, working days, and shift scheduling formulas.
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Module 8: Mathematical & Statistical Functions
Module 9: Conditional Functions & Criteria-Based Analysis