5.1 IF Function Syntax, Logical Tests & TRUE/FALSE

=IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false), comparison operators (> 50, < 100, = 'Delhi'), aur Pass/Fail student result formula.

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CHAPTER 5: EXCEL LOGICAL FUNCTIONS — IF, AND, OR, NOT, IFS

Microsoft Excel 2024 / Microsoft 365 | Basic to Advanced | Hinglish Notes

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1. CHAPTER OVERVIEW ==================================================

Is chapter mein hum seekhenge:

1. Logical Functions kya hote hain?

2. TRUE aur FALSE ka meaning.

3. IF Function — condition ke basis par result.

4. Nested IF — multiple conditions.

5. AND Function — sabhi conditions TRUE honi chahiye.

6. OR Function — kam se kam ek condition TRUE honi chahiye.

7. NOT Function — logical result ko reverse karna.

8. IFS Function — multiple conditions ko aasani se check karna.

9. IF + AND, IF + OR, IF + NOT.

10. IFERROR ka introduction.

11. Real-life projects: student result, sales bonus, attendance aur eligibility.

12. Common errors, practice questions aur answer key. ==================================================

13. LOGICAL FUNCTIONS KYA HOTE HAIN? ==================================================

Logical Functions kisi condition ko check karte hain aur uske result ke basis par output dete hain.

Examples:

• Agar marks 33 ya usse zyada hain, to PASS.
• Agar sales target achieve hua, to BONUS.
• Agar attendance 75% ya zyada hai, to ELIGIBLE.
• Agar payment pending hai, to PENDING show karo. Excel mein logical test ka result aam taur par TRUE ya FALSE hota hai.

Example:

=A1>=50

Agar A1 mein 75 hai, result TRUE hoga.

Agar A1 mein 30 hai, result FALSE hoga.

Important comparison operators:

= Equal to

<> Not equal to

Greater than

< Less than

= Greater than or equal to

<= Less than or equal to

Examples:

=A1=100

=A1<>0

=A1>50

=A1<50

=A1>=33

=A1<=100

[!NOTE] Note: Formula mein text ko double quotation marks mein likhte hain, jaise "PASS".

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3. TRUE AUR FALSE ==================================================

TRUE ka matlab condition sahi hai.

FALSE ka matlab condition sahi nahi hai.

Example data:

A1 = 80

A2 = 25

Formula: =A1>50

Result: TRUE

Formula: =A2>50

Result: FALSE

Formula: =A1=80

Result: TRUE

Formula: =A2<>25

Result: FALSE

TRUE aur FALSE logical values hain. Inka use IF, AND, OR, NOT aur doosre logical formulas mein hota hai.

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4. IF FUNCTION — SABSE IMPORTANT ==================================================

IF function kisi condition ko check karta hai aur condition TRUE ya FALSE hone par alag-alag result deta hai.

Syntax:

=IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)

Parts:

• logical_test: Kaunsi condition check karni hai.
• value_if_true: Condition TRUE hone par kya dikhana hai.
• value_if_false: Condition FALSE hone par kya dikhana hai. Example 1: Pass/Fail

A2 mein marks hain.

=IF(A2>=33,"PASS","FAIL")

Agar A2 = 75, result PASS.

Agar A2 = 20, result FAIL.

Agar A2 = 33, result PASS.

Example 2: Adult ya Minor ki jagah generic age eligibility

=IF(A2>=18,"Eligible","Not Eligible")

Example 3: Sales target

A2 mein sales aur B2 mein target hai.

=IF(A2>=B2,"Target Achieved","Target Not Achieved")

Example 4: Bonus

A2 mein sales amount hai.

=IF(A2>=50000,5000,0)

Sales 50,000 ya zyada hui to 5,000 bonus; warna 0.

Example 5: Discount

=IF(B2>=10000,B2*10%,0)

Agar B2 ki value 10,000 ya zyada hai, to 10% discount; otherwise zero.

Example 6: Cell blank hai ya nahi

=IF(A2="","Blank","Filled")

Example 7: Payment status

=IF(C2="Paid","Complete","Pending")

[!NOTE] Note: Agar cells mein extra spaces ya inconsistent spelling hai, to result expected se alag aa sakta hai.

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5. IF FUNCTION KE PRACTICAL RULES ==================================================

6. Formula hamesha = se start hota hai.

7. Text output ko double quotes mein likho: "PASS".

8. Number ko normally quotes ke bina likho: 100.

9. Logical test mein comparison operator use kar sakte ho.

10. Text conditions mein spelling aur spaces ka dhyan rakho.

11. Excel ke regional settings ke hisaab se argument separator comma (,) ki jagah semicolon (;) ho sakta hai.

12. Excel mein IF ke andar doosra IF use karna possible hai.

13. Formula ko neeche copy karne se relative references update hote hain. ==================================================

14. NESTED IF — MULTIPLE RESULTS

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Hands-on Practice Exercise

[!TIP] Open Microsoft Excel 365 / 2024 on your computer right now and practice each step described above. Memorize the keyboard shortcuts and try them in a fresh worksheet.

• Complete the practical walkthrough in Excel.
• Verify formatting and formula results.
• Attempt the chapter knowledge quiz when ready.